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Cover Article
Does Mitochondrial Damage Underlie Diabetic Neuropathy?
Oxidative damage to neuronal mitochondria is a key element of the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, Eva Feldman, MD, PhD,
reported at the 130th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association. The finding not only sheds light on why
individuals with diabetes are so vulnerable to neuropathy but also points to possible therapeutic targets for preventing
or treating the condition.
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Cover Article
Old and New Drugs Show Promise for Neurologic Disorders
Studies encompassing a wide range of therapeutic approaches for neurologic disorders were presented at the
130th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association. Included were reports on anticonvulsant therapy
for cluster headache, a novel formulation of MAO-B inhibitor for Parkinson’s disease, the long-term value of
INFB-1b in multiple sclerosis, a comparison of pharmacotherapies for bipolar disorder, and a recently approved
nonbenzodiazepine agent for insomnia.
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Cover Article
Preventing Neural Tube Defects—How Effective Are Current Folic Acid Fortification Levels?
Folic acid fortification of grain products “significantly decreases the prevalence of spina bifida and anencephaly among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics,” according
to Sonja A. Rasmussen, MD, one of the authors of a CDC study of US rates of spina bifida and anencephaly by race/ethnicity from 1995 to 2002.
The study was published in the September Pediatrics, where an accompanying editorial criticized US and international efforts to prevent these
diseases by mandating sufficient folic acid fortification of grain products. It is “a tragic failure of public policy,” Robert L. Brent, MD, and Godfrey P. Oakley, Jr, MD, said.
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Cover Article
Migraineurs Expect Improvement, Not Cure
Results of a survey of treatment expectations at first visit indicated that patients with migraine “in general tended not to expect a cure for their headaches and, interestingly, differentiated between cure and symptom control,” Leslie Kelman, MD, reported at the 47th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Headache Society.
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Cover Article
The Potential for Remyelination in MS: Suppression of the Immune Response
The fact that demyelinated multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions cease progression and do not destroy the entire white matter hints at a regulatory mechanism capable of starting, and eventually stopping, the growth of the lesions, according to Cedric Raine, PhD, DSc. Dr. Raine addressed the issue of demyelination and the therapeutic potential of remyelination in MS at the 19th Annual Conference of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers.
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Cover Article
New Biomarker Differentiates Neuromyelitis Optica From MS
Neuromyelitis optica can be differentiated from multiple sclerosis (MS) by revised diagnostic criteria that include the serum autoantibody marker NMO-IgG, according to Dean M. Wingerchuk, MD. At the 57th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology, Dr. Wingerchuk noted that MRI evidence and NMO-IgG seropositivity offer the “most powerful diagnostic combination” for neuromyelitis optica.
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Cover Article
Gene Therapy Slows Progression of Alzheimer’s Disease
The first gene therapy trial for patients with Alzheimer’s disease revealed that the procedure appeared to significantly slow disease progression. Although the research is preliminary, the investigators expressed hope that gene delivery of nerve growth factor may be able to significantly reduce cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
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Cover Article
The Future of Stem Cell Research—Basic Biology?
The utility of stem cells in treating degenerative dementias rests in the evidence that these diseases start during brain development, according to Mark F. Mehler, MD. Therefore, better knowledge of the developmental properties of neurons and of their mature steady-state functioning and responses to environmental stressors are crucial to combating these progressive diseases, he asserted at the Ninth Annual Comprehensive Approach to Dementia update in New York City.
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Cover Article
Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment for Cluster Headache
Continuous stimulation of the posterior inferior hypothalamus is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated treatment for intractable chronic cluster headache, according to Italian researchers. “We have observed a long-lasting remission in implanted patients with no major side effects,” said Massimo Leone, MD, at the 15th Annual Headache Symposium.
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Cover Article
Advances Bubble Up in Thrombolytic Therapy for Stroke
Ever since the FDA approved t-PA for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, researchers have been grappling with ways to make the drug work better. The latest strategies are to use transcranial Doppler ultrasound with t-PA to augment clot lysis and to use microbubbles, a safe IV contrast agent, in combination with ultrasound and t-PA.
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Cover Article
Tailoring Treatment Plans for Pediatric Migraine
The American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society have jointly released new practice guidelines regarding treatment of pediatric headache. According to guideline lead author Donald Lewis, MD, management of children and adolescents with migraine requires a tailored regimen of pharmacologic and behavioral measures that take into account headache patterns, pain tolerance, and lifestyle.
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Cover Article
Refractory Epilepsy Can Be Identified Early
More than 90% of patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy who will eventually go into remission do so within three years, reported Martin J. Brodie, MD, at the Seventh Annual Neurology Outcomes Research Meeting. Dr. Brodie and colleagues reached this conclusion after evaluating the natural history of 780 patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy.
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