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Cover Article
New Technology Aims at Restoring Lost Motor Function
Innovative neurotechnology may give paralyzed patients with spinal cord injury, stroke, and motor neuron disorders greater independence and control over activities of daily living, reported John Donoghue, PhD, and colleagues at the 131st Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association.
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Cover Article
Imaging Reveals Altered Brain Function After Chemotherapy
Imaging studies conducted in breast cancer survivors five to 10 years after they had undergone chemotherapy reveal that the "chemo brain" syndrome of forgetfulness and mental fog is rooted in significant alterations of brain function, related Daniel H. S. Silverman, MD, PhD.
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Cover Article
While You Were Sleeping: Sleep-Disordered Breathing Syndromes Increase Stroke Risk
Sleep-disordered breathing may profoundly affect stroke risk and outcomes, reported Vahid Mohsenin, MD, at the 20th Anniversary Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies. Dr. Mohsenin noted that among patients with ischemic stroke risk, stroke incidence is substantially increased between midnight and noon, but hemorrhagic stroke risk remains relatively flat over 24 hours.
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Cover Article
Emergency Treatment of Headache
One of the more difficult times to treat a headache patient is when he or she has an acute, severe headache that requires the personal attention of a neurologist in the office or the emergency department, according to Alan M. Rapaport, MD. To help clinicians interested in headache address this issue, Dr. Rapaport and R. Allan Purdy, MD, organized and cochaired a symposium on the emergency care of headache at the 48th Annual Scientific Meetiing of the American Headache Society.
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Cover Article
Can Immune System Transplants Halt MS?
High-dose immunosuppression plus autologous stem cell transplantation, which involves the complete eradication and reconstitution of the patientÕs bone marrow, has shown promise for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) in early studies and is now being investigated in phase II trials. The procedure could offer an alternative to immunosuppressive and immunomodulating therapies, which are at best partly successful for most patients, according to James Bowen, MD, who presented findings from the ongoing HALT MS study at the 20th Annual Meeting of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers.
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Cover Article
Pathologic Gambling and Other Compulsive Complications of Parkinson's Disease Therapy
For a small percentage of ParkinsonÕs disease patients, dopamine agonist therapy comes with an increased risk of pathologic gambling, excessive shopping, and hypersexuality. The latest insights into these behavior problems were presented by Valerie Voon, MD, and Oksana Suchowersky, MD, at the 58th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Neurology.
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Should Headache Be Viewed as Part of a Larger Biorhythmic Disorder?
A growing body of evidence suggests that headaches are frequently inextricable manifestations of a broader syndrome, such as a disturbed biorhythm, that may be best managed when understood in this context, according to Robert E. Shapiro, MD, PhD. Dr. Shapiro highlighted a genetic link between headache and a familial sleep disorder and other examples to substantiate viewing headaches within syndromes at the Headache Cooperative of New England's 16th Annual Headache Symposium.
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Cover Article
Proof of Concept for Neuroprotection in Stroke?
NXY-059, a free-radical—trapping agent, significantly reduced Rankin scale disability in patients who had had an acute ischemic stroke, according to a report at the 2006 International Stroke Conference. The Stroke-Acute Ischemic NXY Treatment (SAINT I) study was the first positive, properly powered phase III trial of a neuroprotective drug for stroke, the researchers reported. SAINT II, currently under way, hopes to confirm these benefits.
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Cover Article
Artificial Intelligence Merges With Neuroscience—Will Intelligent Machines Follow?
Can intelligent, manmade machines someday replace soldiers on the battlefield? Neurology Reviews spoke with some of the thought leaders in the US Department of Defense and at a number of academic institutions who are attempting to synthesize recent advances in neuroscience and cognitive psychology with the computer science and engineering principles of artificial intelligence to create machines capable of simulating human thought processing and turn science fiction into 21st-century reality.
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Cover Article
New Targets for Neuroprotection in Brain Ischemia
Investigators have identified new, glutamate-independent targets for neuroprotection in brain ischemia. The findings may have important implications for the development of a new clinical paradigm for neuroprotection, according to Roger P. Simon, MD, who presented findings on the role of acidosis and acid-sensing ion channels in brain ischemia at the 130th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association.
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Cover Article
"Definitive" Screen Confirms Suspect MS Genes
A cluster of genes on chromosome 6 plays a significant role in multiple sclerosis (MS), according to the most complete genetic study to date on the disorder. Our results confirm the strong role of the major histocompatability complex genes in MS and provide a definitive statement that no other region of the genome harbors a gene with a similar overall influence on MS genetics, said Jonathan Haines, PhD, who presented on behalf of the International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium at the 130th Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Society.
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